বৃহস্পতিবার, 6 আগস্ট 2026 | [bangla_date]
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Devil Fish’ Invasion: How an Aquarium Pet is Devastating Bangladesh’s Rivers

বুলেটিন বার্তা
বুলেটিন বার্তা
বৃহস্পতিবার, ৬ আগস্ট ২০২৬ - ২:০৯ অপরাহ্ন

MD IBNUL AKID

Bangladesh Battles an Invasive Threat: The Suckermouth Catfish Crisis
The placid waters of Bangladesh’s rivers and canals, long the lifeblood of its people and the source of its rich biodiversity, are under a significant ecological and economic attack. The culprit is the suckermouth catfish, scientifically known as Hypostomus plecostomus. This fish, commonly called “pleco” by locals, has rapidly transformed from a popular aquarium fixture into a crippling burden for riverine communities.


The Unwanted Immigrant
The suckermouth catfish is a freshwater species whose native range is tropical northeastern South America, including northeast Brazil, the Guianas, and Trinidad and Tobago. It was originally introduced to Bangladesh in the 1980s as an ornamental species for aquariums. It was particularly valued as a cleaning agent for fish tanks due to its dark color, bottom-feeding, and nocturnal nature, as well as its ability to clean algae.


However, the problem began when these fish, often growing up to 50 cm, outgrew their tanks and were subsequently released into natural water bodies. This introduction has had catastrophic consequences, primarily because the suckermouth catfish is a hardy, highly adaptable, and prolific breeder.


An Aggressive and Tolerant Invader
The suckermouth catfish is an omnivorous species. It has an unusually aggressive nature and thick armor, which makes it difficult for other fish to harass. It is also known by several common names, including algae sucker, devil fish, janitor fish, and municipal fish.
The species’ success as an invader stems from its incredible tolerance for harsh environmental conditions. It can survive in highly polluted water, low-oxygen (hypoxic) conditions, and muddy waters. This high adaptability, coupled with a lack of natural predators in the new environment, has allowed the population to explode across ponds, canals, and rivers.


A study conducted in the Buriganga River between November 2022 and April 2023 illustrated the severity of the infestation, finding that the suckermouth catfish comprised a staggering 94.65% of the river’s fish population. The infestation has spread far beyond the Buriganga, now including major rivers like the Turaag, Meghna, Jamuna, and Padma.


Ecological and Economic Havoc
The invasion poses a severe threat to Bangladesh’s native fish populations and its aqua economy. In recent years, as the number of suckermouth catfish has increased manifold, local fish species have drastically decreased.
The primary mechanism of destruction is the catfish’s predatory feeding habits. They voraciously consume the fingerlings (juveniles) of native species, thereby directly reducing the population of local fish. Furthermore, their aggressive and omnivorous nature allows them to outcompete native species for resources and even dominate spawning sites.


The ecological damage isn’t limited to predation. The suckermouth catfish’s burrowing behaviour is actively eroding river banks. For native fishermen, the consequences are stark. They are struggling because their traditional catch—fish like Icha, baing, Shing, Taki, and Shoal—has drastically decreased. The livelihood of riverine people is being lost day by day.
Government Intervention and Future Strategies
Acknowledging the existential threat the suckermouth catfish poses, the Bangladesh government has taken decisive action. In 2022, the government officially banned the rearing, selling, transportation, and protection of suckermouth catfish, citing its invasive status and aggressive breeding nature.


In addition to the ban, the ministry has urged citizens to treat the issue like a “rat-culling program,” requesting that citizens destroy suckermouth catfish colonies by killing them and burying the carcasses.
However, a “paper ban alone will not ensure successful eradication”. The invasive presence remains a significant challenge. Experts stress that there is no substitute for regular removal sessions to stop prolific alien species. The Buriganga River, considered ground zero for the infestation, has seen some success with regular culling efforts.


Seeking Economic Solutions
While the tough, bony structure of the fish makes it difficult for direct human consumption, which is often described as resembling shellfish or lobster, exploring alternative economic uses could provide a sustainable solution.
Alternative uses could include turning the fish into:Fishmeal or Animal Feed: The meat of non-toxic fish can be used for animal feed. The protein content of mature suckermouth catfish is notably high, ranging from 20.55% to 21.22%, which is 2-4% higher than that of other carp fish and catfishes.


Fertilizer: The fish can be used as a fertilizer.
Leather and Buttons: The bones and skins can be used for leathering or making buttons. The skin is particularly valuable for the leather industry due to its distinct zigzag pattern.
Creating an economic incentive is key; a fisherman would be motivated to catch these malicious fish if they had a resale value. This strategy, paired with the strict enforcement of the ban, could provide a two-pronged approach to solving the crisis.


The challenge of the suckermouth catfish requires a comprehensive strategy that moves beyond short-term fixes. By applying systems thinking, Bangladesh can develop sustainable approaches that not only remove the current invasive species but also prevent future invasions and protect native species, safeguarding its natural heritage and the livelihoods of its riverine people.

MD IBNUL AKID
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Department of Fisheries
Former student of 2019-2020

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